The Ukraine war reshaped China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in Central and Eastern Europe, producing uneven outcomes across the region. EU-aligned countries distanced themselves from BRI projects, while conflict-adjacent states saw investments paused due to security and geopolitical risks. In contrast, southern CEE nations experienced increased Chinese engagement as Beijing sought alternative routes into Western Europe.

Examining the evolving geopolitical contest in Central Asia, analyzing the shifting influence of Russia, China, the European Union, and the United States from the post–Cold War period through recent events.

Examining the evolving geopolitical contest in Central Asia, analyzing the shifting influence of Russia, China, the European Union, and the United States from the post–Cold War period through recent events.